What is "torque" in the context of human movement?

Torque, in the context of human movement, refers to a rotating force that causes an object to spin around an axis. It is a crucial concept in biomechanics as it influences how joints function and how muscles generate movement. When a muscle contracts, it pulls on a tendon, which then applies a force on the bone at a joint. This force, when applied at a distance from the joint (the axis of rotation), creates torque. The amount of torque produced is determined by the magnitude of the force applied and the distance from the axis at which the force is applied (often called the moment arm).

Understanding torque is vital in analyzing movements such as throwing, swinging, or lifting, as it helps explain how forces create rotational movement around joints. This rotational aspect of force is essential for understanding human biomechanics, particularly in activities that require balance, stability, and effective movement patterns.