Which condition is primarily characterized by a sideways curvature of the spine?

Scoliosis is primarily characterized by a sideways curvature of the spine. This condition can manifest as a C-shaped or S-shaped curve, typically developing during the growth spurts just before puberty. It may lead to an uneven shoulder height, prominent ribs on one side of the back, or a shift in the waistline. The underlying causes can vary and include congenital factors, neuromuscular issues, or idiopathic origins with no known cause.

Understanding scoliosis is important because it can affect posture, balance, and overall mobility if it progresses significantly. Treatment options may include bracing for growing children or surgical intervention for more severe cases. In contrast, kyphosis refers to an excessive forward rounding of the back, lordosis involves an inward curve of the lower back, and spinal stenosis refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal, which may lead to nerve compression but does not specifically involve curvature.